|
In Europe, the Iron Age may be defined as including the last stages of the prehistoric period and the first of the proto-historic periods.〔The Junior Encyclopædia Britannica: A reference library of general knowledge. (1897). Chicago: E.G. Melvin. (seriously? 1897 "Junior" encyclopedia?〕 Iron working was introduced to Europe in the late 11th century BC,〔Riederer, Josef; Wartke, Ralf-B.: "Iron", Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth (eds.): Brill's New Pauly, Brill 2009〕 probably from the Caucasus, and slowly spread northwards and westwards over the succeeding 500 years. The widespread use of the technology of iron was implemented in Europe simultaneously with Asia.〔John Collis, "The European Iron Age" (1989)〕 The Iron Age in Europe is characterized by an elaboration of designs in weapons, implements, and utensils.〔Chisholm, H. (1910). The Encyclopædia Britannica. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Co.〕 These are no longer cast but hammered into shape, and decoration is elaborate curvilinear rather than simple rectilinear; the forms and character of the ornamentation of the northern European weapons resembles in some respects Roman arms, while in other respects they are peculiar and evidently representative of northern art. The dead were buried in an extended position, whereas in the preceding Bronze Age cremation had been the rule. ==Timeline== ImageSize = width:820 height:150 PlotArea = width:740 height:125 left:65 bottom:20 AlignBars = justify Colors = id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) # id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) # id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) # id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) # id:eon value:rgb(1,0.85,0.7) # id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar id:black value:black Period = from:-1300 till:500 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:500 start:-1300 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:100 start:-1300 PlotData = align:center textcolor:black fontsize:8 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5) bar:Europe color:eon from: -1100 till: 500 text:European Iron Age bar:E.Europe color:age from: -1100 till: -500 shift:(-40,6) text:Koban from: -900 till: -725 text:Novocherkassk bar:E.Europe color:filler from: -500 till: 100 text:Scythian from: 100 till: 500 text:Sarmatians bar:S.Europe color:era from: -1100 till: -900 shift:(0,3) text:Villanovan I from: -900 till: -750 shift:(0,3) text:Villanovan II from: -750 till: -400 shift:(0,3) text:Etruscans from: -900 till: -400 shift:(0,-6) text:Golasecca culture bar:S.Europe color:Filler from: -400 till: 50 text:Roman Republic from: 50 till: 300 text:Roman Empire from: 300 till: 500 text:Migration bar:C.Europe color:age from: -800 till: -450 text:Hallstatt culture from: -450 till: -100 text:La Tène culture bar:C.Europe color:Filler from: -100 till: 300 text:Roman Empire from: 300 till: 500 text:Migration bar:W.Europe color:era from: -800 till: 50 text:British Iron Age bar:W.Europe color:Filler from: 50 till: 300 text:Roman Empire from: 300 till: 500 text:Migration bar:N.Europe color:age from: -500 till: -100 text:Pre-Roman from: -100 till: 300 text:Roman bar:N.Europe color:Filler from: 300 till: 500 text:Migration bar:Mediter color:era from: -1200 till: -600 shift:(0,-5) text:Phoenicia from: -1200 till: -1200 shift:(5,0) text:Greek Dark Ages from: -1200 till: -600 shift:(0,5) text:Etruscan civilization bar:Mediter color:Filler from: -600 till: -145 text:Ancient Greece from: -145 till: 300 text:Roman Empire from: 300 till: 500 text:Migration :::''Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details'' ::: Prehistoric (or Proto-historic) Iron Age Historic Iron Age 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Iron Age Europe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|